The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences
The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences (EPHELS) is a a peer-reviewed and online free journal. As an open access journal, the Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences (EPHELS) does not charge article submission or processing fees. The manuscripts which are accepted for publication in the EPHELS are invited from the conferences. The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences (EPHELS) welcomes any research papers on medical, health, environment and life sciences using techniques from and applications in any technical knowledge domain: original theoretical works, literature reviews, research articles. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to the EPHELS. The full paper versions of the conference papers are published in the EPHELS.
International Society for Research in Education and Science (ISRES)
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Building Eco-Awareness in Preschool Children
Environmental education plays a vital role in fostering ecological awareness and sustainable behavior from an early age. In Indonesia, preschool education offers a strategic platform to cultivate eco-consciousness among young learners. However, its integration faces significant challenges, including limited resources, inadequate teacher training, and the absence of structured curricula. This study explores how Indonesian preschool teachers implement environmental education by examining their strategies, obstacles, and key success factors. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through online semi-structured interviews with 15 preschool teachers from various regions, along with curriculum and lesson plan analyses. Thematic analysis revealed that while teachers highly value environmental education, their efforts are often hindered by insufficient training, lack of materials, and rigid curricular frameworks. Despite these barriers, many teachers adopt innovative approaches such as project-based learning, outdoor exploration, and collaborative activities to engage students. Key enablers of effective environmental education include teacher motivation, strong school leadership, and parental involvement. This study highlights the urgent need for enhanced teacher preparation, better resource provision, and more structured curricular support. Addressing these areas is essential for fostering environmental stewardship in young Indonesian children. The findings offer practical insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers committed to advancing early childhood environmental education.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
New Approaches to the Identification of Epigenetic Modifications in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL), one of the most common hematologic malignancies in adults in Western countries, is a disease in which epigenetic modifications play an important role in its pathogenesis. Fundamental epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs and are critical for normal cellular processes, including cellular growth, development, and differentiation. The identification and understanding of these modifications allows us to analyze the biology of the disease in more detail. Thanks to the technological approaches developed in recent years, it is possible to examine epigenetic changes in CLL in a more sensitive and detailed way. These methods provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease. In addition to being an important tool in the identification of epigenetic modifications in CLL, these new approaches also contribute to the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies. These developments will allow CLL to be managed more effectively.
Intermittent Fasting as a Halal Lifestyle: A Content Analysis
The pandemic is gradually overcoming but this should not make us neglectful of health. There are several things that are a problem for people in Indonesia, namely obesity. This is not only due to the mindset of the people who think that fat is healthy, but also as a result of the pandemic which requires people to limit outdoor activities. This impaired mobility also reduces the daily rate of calorie burning. In addition, a lifestyle that is increasingly facilitated by the convenience of devices such as ordering food and drinks through applications makes calorie intake increase. This makes some people obese. In fact, in addition to reducing aesthetics, obesity can reduce the quality of life. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to change the post-pandemic lifestyle, namely by implementing a halal lifestyle by fasting. In this study, the fasting in question is fasting Ramadan, fasting David, and fasting Monday-Thursday. This turns out to be in line with a diet method practiced by non-Muslims called intermittent fasting. The method used is qualitative with an interpretive paradigm on Youtube media. The analysis used is reception analysis —an analysis that examines the relationship between media content and the audience as an active interpreter who gives meaning to videos that combine the concept of intermittent fasting with fasting. The purpose of this research is as exploratory research. While the approach taken is integrative interconnective, namely combining the viewpoints of two branches of science, namely religion and science. The results obtained are that there is great potential that sunnah fasting can be applied as a halal lifestyle that has been studied for its benefits in terms of science. So, this does not make the branding of sunnah fasting a dogma but reaffirmation of sunnah fasting as a sensible halal lifestyle.
Evaluating the Role of ChatGPT in Health Information Provision: Capabilities, Limitations, and Ethical Implications
This study provides a critical analysis of ChatGPT's strengths and weaknesses as a resource for delivering health-related information, emphasizing its potential for both general advice and tailored health guidance. Through a systematic review and expert analysis, the study highlights ChatGPT's ability to deliver immediate and accessible information on a wide range of health topics, including nutrition and chronic disease management. While its conversational interface and capacity for personalization make it a valuable resource for users seeking initial advice, significant limitations are evident in its handling of complex and nuanced health scenarios. These shortcomings are primarily attributed to gaps in its training, including outdated data and potential incorporation of unverified sources. The findings emphasize the importance of recognizing ChatGPT as a supplementary tool rather than a replacement for professional healthcare consultation. Ensuring user safety requires ongoing updates to its training datasets, integration of the latest scientific evidence, and the establishment of clear guidelines for its application in healthcare settings. The study underscores the critical role of qualified professionals in verifying and contextualizing AI-generated advice, particularly in complex or high-risk cases. Future research and development are essential to enhance ChatGPT's reliability, accuracy, and effectiveness, ensuring its optimal contribution to health information dissemination while maintaining the highest standards of safety and ethics.
Sustainability and Organic Livestock in 2050: Challenges and Innovations
The global demand for sustainable and organic livestock farming is expected to rise significantly by 2050 due to increasing concerns over climate change, food security, and ethical animal husbandry. Organic livestock production focuses on environmentally friendly practices, reduced reliance on synthetic inputs, and improved animal welfare. Advancements in regenerative agriculture, precision farming, and circular economy models will drive innovation in organic livestock systems. The integration of artificial intelligence, smart sensors, and sustainable feed alternatives will optimize resource efficiency while maintaining organic standards. Additionally, genetic advancements and microbiome research will enhance disease resistance and animal productivity in organic farming systems. However, challenges such as land use limitations, high production costs, disease management, and market accessibility remain key hurdles. Policy reforms, consumer awareness, and technological innovations will be crucial in shaping the future of organic livestock. A holistic approach integrating sustainability, economic feasibility, and ethical considerations will ensure a resilient and efficient organic livestock industry by 2050.
Acute 60Co Γ-Irradiation Effect on Lipid Peroxidation and Immune System in Experimental Animals
The objective of the study was to explore the biochemical and immunological indicators in experimentally irradiated animals. Goup I - intact, group II - exposed to γ-radiation with a dose 6 Gy. The parameters characterizing the body's immune system were studied, lipid peroxidation outputs and antioxidant protective enzymes activity in blood lymphocytes were identified. The results of the study showed that exposure to a sublethal dose of radiation entails a reduction in cellular immunity, especially T-lymphocytes and their subpopulation, as well as to a decrease in the functional activity of the body's non-specific defense. Leukopenia and lymphopenia were observed in irradiated animals. The same pattern was revealed for T-lymphocytes: the number decreased by 20.25%, leading to fell off in CD4+ cells. It was also found that T-suppressors number declined by 14.28%. Ionizing radiation effect led to an increase in the level of DC and MDA, inhibition of the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes, as a result of which the oxidative stress formation in the body was observed. Suppression of cellular and humoral immunity, non-specific protection of the body and imbalance of LPO-AOP create preconditions for the emergence of immune pathological state of radiation origin, indicating the necessity to develop promising for adaptation correcting methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Water Purification
Water contamination is a major global concern, necessitating the development of innovative and cost-effective purification technologies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable antimicrobial properties, high surface area, and catalytic potential in water treatment. This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of AgNPs for water purification. Green synthesis using plant extracts, microbial processes, and chemical reduction methods ensures eco-friendly and sustainable nanoparticle production. The synthesized AgNPs are characterized using techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine their size, morphology, and stability. The antimicrobial and pollutant-removal efficacy of AgNPs is evaluated against bacterial contaminants and heavy metals. Findings suggest that AgNPs exhibit strong bactericidal activity and high adsorption capacity, making them effective for water purification applications. However, concerns regarding toxicity, environmental impact, and large-scale production must be addressed. Future research should focus on optimizing synthesis techniques, enhancing stability, and ensuring safe disposal of AgNPs to minimize ecological risks. The integration of AgNP-based filtration systems with existing purification technologies offers a promising approach for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions.
Molecular Docking Study of α-, β-, and γ-Mangostin from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 for Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutics in Retinopathy Diabetic
To enhance the effectiveness of treatment in diabetic retinopathy patients, the development of drugs that have a combined effect of inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 (VEGFR-2) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) should be conducted. This work simulates the interaction of α-mangostin, β-mangostin, and γ-mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a receptor against VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 as a ligand through the molecular docking approach. Redocking between receptor and native ligand (VEGFR-2, PDB ID: 4ASD and NRP-1 PDB ID: 5C7G) was performed using MGLTools 1.5.7 and Autodock Vina, then continued with PyMol2 to assure RMSD value of 0.981 Å for VEGFR-2 and 1.994 Å for NRP-1 (< 2 Å). The docking results showed that α-mangostin had the lowest binding energy to VEGFR-2 (-8.9 kcal/mol) and NRP-1 (-6.9 kcal/mol), followed by γ-mangostin with binding energy of -8.6 kcal/mol to VEGFR-2 and -6.9 kcal/mol to NRP-1, and β-mangostin with binding energy of -8.3 kcal/mol to VEGFR-2 and -6.5 kcal/mol to NRP-1. In comparison, the positive control, Sunitinib, showed binding energy of -7.9 kcal/mol to VEGFR-2 and -6.2 kcal/mol to NRP-1. This indicates that these compounds have a more lowest energy binding to VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 than Sunitinib. In addition, the docking results visualized using Biovia Discovery Studio 2021 showed that these compounds have hydrogen bonds and several other bonds to the active sites of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1. Hence, the proposed compounds have the potential to be further synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as a pathological anti-angiogenesis drug in diabetic retinopathy.
Non-Hereditary and Hereditary Risk Factors of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a worldwide health concern with the incidence rate increasing from year by year. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in both developed and developing countries. Breast cancer initiation and progression is a complex, multistage process. Breast cancer is caused by inherited or acquired genetic changes in the somatic cells of the breast. In spite of significant advances in breast cancer research, there are still many unresolved concerns. Therefore, the investigation of risk factors associated with breast cancer continues to be a topic of interest and research. The main risk factors in the development of breast cancer may be unchangeable factors such as genetics, age and gender and may also be changeable factors such as those associated with lifestyle and environment. By recognizing breast cancer risk factors, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing this cancer and thus reduce the mortality associated with it, especially among women with these risk factors. This study aims to present the latest developments in the field of studying and identifying risk factors for breast cancer, as this topic is still one of the most important topics that are focused on reducing the risk of breast cancer and finding effective therapies to treat patients with this disease. To achieve this aim, we focused on the latest studies that have worked to identify risk factors for breast cancer. As a result, risk factors have been found to be either changeable or unchangeable. Changeable factors can be managed, while unchangeable factors are still being researched in order to find the most effective therapies to either prevent or control breast cancer.
Study of the Effect of Massage Therapy on Serum Cortisol Concentration in a Patient with Chronic Stress
Stress is a condition that occurs when external or internal influences (stressors) are damaging or unusual in strength, which disrupt the homeostasis of the human organism. Cortisol is the glucocorticoid, which under the influence of stress factors increases its secretion more than 10 times. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on serum cortisol concentration in patients with chronic stress. Material and methods: the study refers to a 3-month follow-up of a 32-year-old male patient with high serum cortisol levels. PSS – 10 (Perceived Stress scale) was used, serum cortisol was measured immunometrically with chemiluminescent labeling. Two courses of ten procedures were conducted with massage (classical or Chinese) therapy in the cervical-thoracic area. Results: Reduction of serum cortisol levels, reduction of pain symptoms, subjective and objective management of stressors. Conclusion: Massage therapy appears to be an effective method of managing stress and the pain symptoms associated with it.
Copyright (c) 2024 The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Workplace Safety in Hospital Laboratories: Occupational Accidents and Work-Related Diseases
Workplace safety in hospital laboratories is crucial for the health and well-being of employees. Due to the potentially hazardous nature of the chemicals handled, workers are exposed to a variety of risks, ranging from occupational accidents to work-related diseases. The main objective of our study was to identify workrelated accidents and occupational diseases associated with exposure to occupational hazards in medical analysis laboratories and to determine preventive measures. Materials and method : The sample for our cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 113 individuals working in the hemobiology, biochemistry, and anatomical pathology laboratories. A questionnaire was designed to collect data, providing a precise assessment of occupational accidents and the risks faced by the employees. Results :18.87% of participants reported having suffered a work-related accident, with no significant correlation with gender (p = 0.955) or age (p = 0.133). Among these accidents, 66.7% were of a mechanical nature, including 36.1% involving skin injuries and 21% involving eye injuries. Investigations into the causes revealed that 32.05% of the accidents resulted from a lack of protective measures, 50.76% were attributable to negligence, and 17.23 % were related to emergency situations. Furthermore, employees working in a fixed daily position are at an increased risk of accidents (p = 0.003). Additionally, occupational diseases have also been reported, with 32.29% of participants affected by occupational allergies and 33.22% by skin sensitizations. Moreover, approximately 14.81% of participants suffered from respiratory diseases, while 13.15% had eye injuries. Finally, about 6.48 % of participants were diagnosed with occupational cancer. Conclusion : Our study highlighted that occupational accidents have significant consequences on the health of employees, particularly concerning conditions related to exposure to chemical reagents. This underscores the urgent need to improve safety and prevention measures to ensure the protection of workers.
Fabrication of a 2D-Surfactant Exfoliated Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles as Efficient pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery System for Lung Cancer Therapy
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and it is also the primary cause of cancer-related mortality globally. However, due to variations in tobacco use patterns, exposure to environmental risk factors, and genetics, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates vary significantly worldwide. Since smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, developing more effective therapeutic strategies and innovative drug delivery systems may help to raise the disease's survival rates. In this study, a novel pH-sensitive nanocarrier based on a composite of a two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) with unique properties was synthesized to deliver Doxorubicin (DOX). Firstly, bulk hBN powder was exfoliated with a sodium cholate salt, sonicated, and centrifuged to obtain the as-prepared 2D-hBN nanocarriers, and finally, DOX was entrapped for targeted drug delivery and tumor therapy. High DOX loading and entrapment efficiency (LE% and EE%, respectively) were obtained. The EE% and LE% for sodium cholate exfoliated 2D-hBN obtained were 84.50% and 25.48%, respectively. In vitro drug release experiments demonstrated a pH-sensitive non-Fickian release profile with a release percentage of 73.5%. Preliminary in-vitro cytotoxicity was done via MTT assay, using the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), and the 2D-hBN@DOX nanocomposites were shown to drastically reduce the viability of the cancer cells compared to 2D-hBN, indicating the great efficacy of the former nanocomposites in hindering the proliferation of cancer cells.
Janus Nanoparticles Loaded 3D Bio Printed Scaffold as a Dual Drug Delivery System
Herein, a new type of controlled-release system is fabricated using polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the creation preparation study. They include doxorubicin (DOX), a standard chemical for chemotherapy, and curcumin, part of the plant turmeric. The material is produced as a dual-loaded nanoparticle system, where the widely used chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin (DOX) and the commonly known anti-inflammatory/antioxidant Curcumin are encapsulated in their respective phases, PCL and PLGA. Next, the Janus NPs were loaded into a 3D bioprinted support matrix composed solely of Carbopol. The design of this scaffold was engineered to provide a biocompatible and supportive environment for the controlled release of medication over an extended period. The biocompatibility, kinetics of drug release, and biomechanical properties were also analyzed in the 3D-printed scaffold. The structural integrity of the scaffold was strengthened, and DOX as well as curcumin can be continuously released for long periods by using Janus nanoparticles. Moreover, dual drug-loaded nanoparticles provided a sustained release plan that could be an innovative technique for improved anticancer activity in synergy therapy; the scaffold supported particle stability as indicated by favorable results of preliminary research. This system might offer a more potent and target-oriented strategy in cancer therapy through the sustained release of curcumin and DOX, effectively reducing cancer cell viability compared to conventional drug delivery approaches.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Profile of Rectal Adenocarcinomas Treated in the Radiotherapy Department of EHSO Emir Abdelkader
Rectal cancer is classified among the most common cancers in the world, the second most common digestive cancer in Algeria; however its incidence in our country remains lower than that of western countries. The interest of this article is the retrospective analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of malignant tumors of the rectum managed in the department of the EHS oncology Emir Abdelkader in Oran, Algeria. Concomitant preoperative radio chemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas; however it can be carried out postoperatively if the initial stage of the disease is underestimated. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological, therapeutic and prognosis study at the radiotherapy department of the EHS oncology Emir Abdelkader in Oran over a period of 6 years from January 2017 to December 2019 involving 70 patients taken in charge during this period. This hypo fractionated irradiation regimen at a dose of 39 Gray could be a therapeutic alternative in the preoperative situation for locally advanced rectal tumors with promising results in terms of effectiveness and an acceptable toxicity profile.
Examination Stress and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Kazakh and Indian Medical Students
Stress is an important component of modern life and has become a serious problem for the health of the population as a whole. Studying at a medical university is accompanied by significant psycho-emotional stress among students. Medical students experience acute stress during exams. One of the markers of stress is cortisol. Objectives: to evaluate the level of cortisol in Indian medical students and Kazakhstan medical students during the examination stress. Methods: The study involved 134 medical students aged from 18 to 23 years, of which 81 were men, 53 women, studying in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of the West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov. Among them are 67 students from India (46 men and 21 women) and 67 students from Kazakhstan (35 men and 32 women). Groups for the study were formed by random sampling. Free cortisol concentrations in saliva were measured in a diagnostic laboratory using the standard kit "Cortisol Saliva ELISA" of the company "DBC". Results: No significant differences were found in the level of saliva cortisol under conditions outside exam stress (Cortisol 1) and saliva cortisol under exam stress conditions (Cortisol 2) between a group of Indian and Kazakhstan students without regard to year of study. The level of free saliva cortisol under conditions outside exam stress is significantly higher in the general group of women compared to the general group of men. Increased salivary cortisol levels under examination stress were observed in all groups and examined. Conclusion: Identification of a contingent of students with high levels of cortisol (i.e., more susceptible to stress) will allow us to develop and recommend a set of measures that will help reduce cortisol levels and neutralize its pathogenic effect on the functioning of the main systems of the body.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Experimental Production of Waste Frying Oil Based-Biodiesel by Taguchi Method
Recycling waste frying oils is an important issue concerning environmental and economic problems. Biodiesel production from waste oil is an effective method to obtain a sustainable energy source. Biodiesel attracts attention as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative that can replace traditional fossil fuels in diesel engines. However, various process parameters such as process temperature, alcohol/oil ratio, and type of catalyst need to be carefully adjusted to increase the efficiency and optimize the quality of the biodiesel production process from waste oils. This study uses the Taguchi method to determine the most suitable process parameters for experimental biodiesel production from waste oils. The study's findings, which identified the optimum conditions for biodiesel production from waste frying oil, have the potential to impact the field of sustainable energy significantly. Three essential parameters were selected for investigation: the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Each parameter was examined at two levels, denoted as L-4 (23). Four experimental runs were conducted using the selected parameters and their respective levels to produce biodiesel from waste frying oil. Optimum conditions were found to be 1:6 for oil/methanol molar ratio, 60°C for reaction temperature, and 60 min for reaction time. Under optimum reaction conditions, biodiesel yield was an average of 97.7 %.
Exploring the Representation of Environmental Issues in an EFL Textbook for Secondary School: A Multimodal Analysis
This study intends to explore how environmental issues are represented in an EFL textbook for secondary school. The study obtained the data from the English for Nusantara book for 8th grade. By administering a qualitative textual analysis with a multimodal approach, the study analyzed verbal and visual complementarity of three worksheets. It utilized Ideational-intersemiotic Complementarity (Royce, 1998). The findings show that the verbal and visual texts represent flood-related environmental issue. There are three main points of flood-related environmental issues – the causes, the effects, and the solutions. Verbal and visual texts of the selected worksheets are completed each other. Hence, encouraging students’ comprehension of the module, especially related to environmental issues, could be expanded by identifying both texts as a single whole.
Pervasive Microplastics and Zooplankton Abundance in Middle East Region of Java North Sea Indonesia: Spatio-Temporal of an Oceanic System
A significant threat to marine food webs is the ingestion of microplastics (MPs—plastic particles below 5 mm) by planktivorous organisms. Between February to August 2024, MPs samples from water coulomb and zooplankton were collected of Jepara and Rembang Region were related to Java North Sea Indonesia. This study was all related to the prey-predator linkage as a result of the size of microplastics affect plastic intake in oceanic islands' ecosystems collected from water samples. Microplastics collected from water sample then identified color, shape, size and abundance by microscope in this research. Microplastics type were analyzed used FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) imaging. Zooplankton were identified and classified into their traits, size and abundance. The types of microplastics identified were fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. In water samples, black and fiber microplastics were increasingly common. Therefore, by analyzing the size and characteristics of zooplankton, comparing the abundance of microplastics and zooplankton in the marine environment, it is necessary to comprehend the probability of plastics invading the trophic web of the food chain.
Factors Influencing the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Local Rabbit Strain in Algerian
The objective of the present work was to study the factors influencing productive and reproductive performances of local rabbit strain in Algeria and to determine the influence of the factors (the mode of reproduction, the age of the mothers and the parity) on the number of total born rabbits, rabbits born alive and the number of weaned rabbits in a hutch of breeding of local rabbit strain. A follow-up of breeding was carried out on a total number of 60 rabbits of which 47 reproductive females inseminated naturally (31) or artificially (16) and 08 males for natural mating and 05 for artificial insemination. The herd is composed of rabbits of variable phenotype but of the same strain (different colors of the coat) of local strain. We found that: The breeding method in rabbits had a non-significant effect (P>0, 05) on the reproductive performance as well as the productive performance (slaughter weight) of the rabbits. A slight superiority was observed in the lot conducted under artificial insemination (AI) compared to the one conducted under natural reproduction. On the other hand, the reproduction mode had a significant effect on the number of weaned rabbits (P<0.01) with a remarkable superiority for the lot conducted under artificial insemination compared to the one conducted under natural reproduction (RN). The weights of the rabbits at slaughter resulting from natural or artificial insemination are very close for both reproduction modes.
Composition and Structure of Ectoparasites in Cattle in Setif Region - Algeria
This study was conducted to investigate the infestation of cattle by ectoparasites in the region of Setif (Algeria). Over a three-year period (2016-2018), a total of 2200 cattle were examined, revealing five species of insects (four species of lice and one myiasis) and seven species of ticks (Ixodidae). Our results indicate that 66.07% of cattle were infested with one or more ectoparasites. Among these, ixodid ticks were the most prevalent, accounting for an overall infection rate of35.30%. The dominant tick species were Rhipicephalus turanicus (12.89%)and Hyalomma marginatum (10.05%), followed by Hyalomma excavatum and Rhipicephalus bursa at (9.4% and 8.9%, respectively). The species Hyalomma scupense, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, and Haemaphysalis sulcata had the lowest prevalence rates (5.65%,2.02%, and1.47%, respectively). Additionally,783 cattle were affected by phthiriosis, with the dominant louse species being Bovicola bovis (19.82%), followed by Haematopinus quadripertusus, Solenopotes capillatus, and Linognathus vituli (at12.77%,8.15%, and7.7%, respectively). In contrast, only244 cattle were affected by a single species of myiasis (Hypoderma lineatum), with2034 larvae. The seasonal dynamics of ectoparasites were evident, with seven tick species showing activity during spring and summer. All four louse species caused winter disease, while Hypodermosis due to Hypoderma lineatum occurred predominantly in spring and summer, extending into autumn. Interestingly, the topographical region did not significantly influence lice and Hypodermosis infestations. However, it did create a favorable environment for tick activity. There was also a racial predisposition observed in lice and ticks, in contrast to Hypodermosis, where racial factors had no impact. Finally, the influence of age and sex on ectoparasite diseases closely correlated with the breeding system.
Biochemical Parameters Studying in Experimental Diabetes
Objective of study was biochemical parameters studying in experimental modeling of 2nd type diabetes in animals. To achieve the goal 2nd type induced diabetes was modeled in white male rats weighing on average 200.0±20.0 gr. Streptozotocin (MP Biomedicals, USA) administered intraperitoneally at 30 mg/kg dose was used as β-cytotoxin in modeling diabetes. After injection in experimental animals glucose concentration increased by 1.2 times (p<0.05), glycated hemoglobin level increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation outputs and antioxidant preservation enzymes in blood lymphocytes were studied: diene conjugates, malondialdehyde content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities. Studies have shown that in diabetes peripheral blood lymphocytes DC concentration increases by 20.68% (p<0.05), whereas MDA also increases by 23.07% (p<0.05). Antioxidant system enzymes underwent the following changes in diabetes: GlR activity in the blood decreased by 21.38% (p<0.05), catalase by 18.26% (p<0.05), whereas GlP activity was observed to decrease (p>0.05). Results show decrease in antioxidant system activation against the background of oxidative stress activation. AOP state studying seems crucial from the point of view of correctional therapy methods and determining pathological and adaptive alteration origin in the body. Conclusions. In diabetes mellitus oxidation process of chain lipids free radicals is activated entailing undesirable outputs accumulation in tissues having extremely harmful effects leading to cell membranes changes at different levels. Diabetes formation is accompanied by decrease in antioxidant system activation confirming by decrease in GlR, GlP, Kt expression against oxidative stress expression background
Damage and Morphometric Effects of Prohibited Substance Use as Doping on Tissues and Organs
Uncontrolled acute or chronic use of very high doses by athletes to enhance athletic performance, improve muscle strength and physical appearance (Pope et al, 2017; Gök et al 2016) Erythropoietin, methenolone Enanthate (rhEPO), Testosterone propionate, Testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate, Testosterone decanoate (Özdemir & Yalçın, 2011; Bozkurt et al., 2011a-b; Özdemir, 2020), which are among the most common AAS used for doping purposes, can cause irreparable serious organ damage (Al-Otaibi, 2024). Prohibited substances are also widely used as pharmacological drug therapy in patients with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life by achieving the appropriate effects on the body (Handelsman, 2006). Despite their use in clinical treatments, banned substances have also been found to have some negative effects on patients and the health of external users (Mutalip et al 2013). Testosterone is used in drug therapy for chronic respiratory or heart failure, anemia due to bone marrow failure, increasing or decreasing erythropoietin in renal failure, and for muscle and bone healing in autoimmune diseases. The abuse of these substances is often used illegally in large doses for non-medical purposes, especially in strength sports and bodybuilding. In parallel with effective findings that reduce the abuse of banned substances in elite sports, there is a need to focus more attention on non-sporting cosmetic, recreational, exertional and occupational abuse (Handelsman, 2006). Athletes use banned substances to improve performance regardless of health risks (El-Gendy, et al., 2021). In studies conducted in various countries, the lifetime prevalence of banned substances used for exertion, physical appearance and performance enhancement in young men is reported at rates ranging from 3-12% (Gök et al., 2016). The use of banned substances has continued to increase in recent years and there is a need for more research on this subject. In this study, it is aimed to inform the society and especially the sports community about the damage caused by banned substances used as doping on tissues and organs
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications: Review
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad range of applications. This study explores various methods of synthesizing AgNPs, including chemical reduction, green synthesis using plant extracts, and physical methods such as laser ablation. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm their size, shape, and crystalline structure. AgNPs exhibit remarkable antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them valuable in medical applications such as wound dressings, coatings for medical devices, and drug delivery systems. Additionally, their catalytic activity and optical properties enable their use in environmental remediation, water treatment, and sensor development. This study highlights the synthesis processes, characterization, and potential applications of AgNPs, emphasizing their role in advancing nanotechnology and contributing to various fields, including medicine, environmental science, and material science.
Medical Chemistry and Its Influence on the Results of Treatment of Patients with Acute Bleeding from the Lower Compartments of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Emergency care for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, despite the substantial progress in drug therapy and development of endoscopic and angiographic methods of hemostasis, remains a very important issue of modern medicine. Acute bleeding from the large intestine causes up to 12-15% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. In the general population it occurs in 0.03% of individuals. There is fibrinolysis inhibitor that had been widely used for last decade. It is Tranexamic acid. Administration of Tranexamic acid is included in national guidelines and a number of international clinical protocols that describes providing medical care to patients with bleeding. To assess efficiency of treatment strategy, that includes administration of Tranexamic acid in patients with bleeding from large intestine. Primary outcomes are number of rebleeding and surgeon interventions. There were 546 inpatients, that underwent treatment in proctology department of 6th Dnipro City Hospital from 2016 to 2023. Patients were between the ages of 35-89. The number of patients under the age of 44 was 34 (6%), 45-59 – 92 patients (17%), 60-74 – 224 patients (41%), over 75 – 196 patients (36%). Gender ratio is 234 males (42,8%) and 312 females (57,2%). After examination of patients, following diseases were determined as causes of bleeding from large intestine: Crohn’s disease – 5,3 %; ulcerative colitis – 12,7 %; colonic diverticulitis – 36,5 %; colorectal cancer – 20,1 %; colonic polips - 1,3 %; hemorrhoids – 24,1%. Strategy including Tranexamic acid permitted to decrease amount of rebleeding and surgical interventions, performed due to failed hemostasis, from 25,6% to 12,9%. Total mortality decreased from 11,5% to 6,4%. Indications for surgical interventions in case of bleeding from the large intestine are failed medication and endoscopic hemostasis, as well as rebleeding. Rebleeding occurs more often in those who is suffered from diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon and colonic villous adenomas.
A Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Pathogens in Buffalo’s Raw Milk and Evaluation of Their Sensitivity
Mastitis is a prevalent issue in dairy herds, particularly among buffaloes, leading to significant economic losses. This study developed a sensitive, specific, and cost-effective multiplex PCR assay for the identification of major pathogens responsible for mastitis in raw buffalo milk. A total of 200 milk samples were collected from various areas of District Multan and tested for the presence of pathogens. Additionally, the antibiotic susceptibility of drug-resistant bacteria was evaluated. The multiplex PCR assay demonstrated 100% specificity and high sensitivity (0.01ng/ul detection limit), identifying multiple pathogens simultaneously.
Prevention of Venous Congestion in Superficial Temporal Artery Pedicled Scalp Flaps Using Deep Temporal Fascia
Background: Venous congestion is an important complication in superficial temporal artery pedicled scalp flaps. In this study, we added deep temporal fascia, including the middle temporal vein, to the flap pedicle to prevent venous congestion in these flaps. Methods: A horn-shaped superficial temporal artery pedicled scalp flap was used to repair scalp and facial defects in 16 patients with a mean age of 52 years. The flaps were raised together with the superficial and deep temporal fascia at the base of the pedicle. The flap sizes ranged from 9 × 4 cm to 23 × 7 cm, and the mean follow-up period was seven months. Results: Venous congestion did not develop in any of the flaps. Abnormal hair distribution developed in three patients and hematoma in one patient. In all of the patients, the donor site was closed primarily and there was no flap loss. Conclusions: In scalp flaps with a superficial temporal artery pedicle, venous congestion can be prevented, and elevated more safely by adding a deep temporal fascia to the flap pedicle.
Robotic Stretcher for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patient: Test of User Controllability with Operating Device and Monitoring System
Diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often cause motor disabilities through the progressive loss of muscle power. Also, many SMA patients must lie horizontally and thus cannot operate a wheelchair. The aim of this study was to develop a robotic stretcher for an SMA patient with severe motor disabilities to enable her to maneuver independently inside a building. The concept underlying the stretcher is that the user should be able to drive the stretcher using a suitable operating device while watching a display feed from cameras mounted on the stretcher. We have developed new devices with an operating device and its algorithm, monitoring system, mechanical frame, and control system tailored to the user’s limited abilities (motion in only one finger). We have verified their functions through tests of a prototype machine operated by the target user. The tests were conducted with the machine positioned on the ground to simulate a shopping mall environment. The subject was able to control the machine effectively, aided by the monitoring system that provided visibility of the stretcher’s position within the environment. Remarkably, even without specific guidance, the subject could operate the stretcher efficiently. To enhance the stretcher’s operability, we considered focusing on controlling the straight motion performance of the mechanical body, which includes two independently motor-driven wheels and casters.
Determination of miRNA Expression Levels in Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates observed in men in some countries in Southern and Western Europe, North America, North Africa, or Western Asia (Antoni, S. et al., 2017). Although gender differences vary greatly between countries, incidence rates are lower in men than in women. According to the data announced by the World Health Organization in 2022: In European and Asian comparisons; This rate is 21.1% and 5.6% per 100,000 people, respectively, and 22.6% in Turkey (Globocan, 2022). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides in length and constitute a class of endogenous small RNAs (Celik et al., 2013). Studies have shown that microRNAs may also function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in Bladder cancer. Although the expression levels of microRNA 22 5p and microRNA 337 have been determined in many cancers, including lung, prostate and colon cancer, no studies have been found on their expression levels in bladder cancer patients. In our study, miRNA 22 5p and miRNA 337 5p expression levels in bladder cancer patients will be calculated quantitatively using the Real-Time PCR method. In the first stage of the study, samples will be taken from the bladder using the TUR method, one from healthy tissue and the other from cancerous tissue. miRNA will be isolated from the tissue samples taken, cDNA will be synthesized from the miRNA samples and expression levels will be determined with the Real-Time PCR method using miRNA 22 5p, miRNA 337 5p specific primers and U6 primer as the reference gene. The data will be analyzed and interpreted with the SPSS package program.This study was planned to determine whether these two miRNAs can guide early diagnosis and diagnosis in bladder cancer patients and to provide clinicians with diagnosis and treatment planning.
Essential and Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Profile in West Kazakhstan Children with Suspected Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Measuring the concentration of amino acids in the blood and compiling a metabolic profile of amino acids, taking into account the influence of factors such as age, gender, body weight, region of residence, is extremely important in the diagnosis of amino acid metabolic disorders, especially when conducting selective screening for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Aims: To describe the metabolic profile of essential and conditionally essential amino acids in samples of dried blood spots from children in Western Kazakhstan with suspected IEM using LC-MS/MS technology (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Methods: The cross-sectional study included 200 clinical-risk children of West Kazakhstan aged one day to 18 years, 52.5 % male and 47.5 % female. Depending on their age, the children were divided into the following groups: group A (newborns, age 1-30 days), group B (age 1 month -7 years) and group C (age 8-18 years). Blood samples on Guthrie cards were collected and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Nonparametric statistical approaches were used. The concentrations of arginine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, valine in dried blood spots of children with suspected IEM were determined. Results: Significant differences were established between children with suspected IEM of different age groups in the concentrations of hydroxyproline, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine and valine. A negative correlation with age for the majority of essential and conditionally essential Amino Acids indicates their decline with age in children with suspected hereditary metabolic diseases. Significant differences between groups of female and male children with suspected IEM were established only in the concentration of methionine in dried blood spots. The highest values were determined in female group. Conclusion: The results of this study may be important in conducting selective screening for IEM in various age groups of the pediatric population.
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Mutations in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults in western countries and is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. Although the diseaseusually follows a slow course, significant survival differences are observed depending on clinical and biological factors. Some patients with CLL do not need treatment for many years, while others need urgent treatment. It is noteworthy that staging systems are inadequate in patient follow-up and predicting the course of the disease. Therefore, parameters that determine prognosis in CLL independent of disease stage have been developed. In recent years, mutation status of Immunoglobulin heavy chain variableregion(IgVH) genes has emerged as a strong marker for prognosis in CLL. Patients with CLL are divided into 2 subgroups with different clinical courses according to the mutation status in the IgVH genes: one refers to mutated IgVH segments with a more favorable clinical course and the other refers to non-mutated IgVH segments associated with a poor outcome. In this study, we will try to clarify the relationship between IgVH mutation status and CLL prognosis and survival.