The Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences

A Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Pathogens in Buffalo’s Raw Milk and Evaluation of Their Sensitivity

Muhammad Safdar — 2024-09-21

Mastitis is a prevalent issue in dairy herds, particularly among buffaloes, leading to significant economic losses. This study developed a sensitive, specific, and cost-effective multiplex PCR assay for the identification of major pathogens responsible for mastitis in raw buffalo milk. A total of 200 milk samples were collected from various areas of District Multan and tested for the presence of pathogens. Additionally, the antibiotic susceptibility of drug-resistant bacteria was evaluated. The multiplex PCR assay demonstrated 100% specificity and high sensitivity (0.01ng/ul detection limit), identifying multiple pathogens simultaneously.

Robotic Stretcher for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patient: Test of User Controllability with Operating Device and Monitoring System

Taisuke Sakaki — 2024-09-21

Diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often cause motor disabilities through the progressive loss of muscle power. Also, many SMA patients must lie horizontally and thus cannot operate a wheelchair. The aim of this study was to develop a robotic stretcher for an SMA patient with severe motor disabilities to enable her to maneuver independently inside a building. The concept underlying the stretcher is that the user should be able to drive the stretcher using a suitable operating device while watching a display feed from cameras mounted on the stretcher. We have developed new devices with an operating device and its algorithm, monitoring system, mechanical frame, and control system tailored to the user’s limited abilities (motion in only one finger). We have verified their functions through tests of a prototype machine operated by the target user. The tests were conducted with the machine positioned on the ground to simulate a shopping mall environment. The subject was able to control the machine effectively, aided by the monitoring system that provided visibility of the stretcher’s position within the environment. Remarkably, even without specific guidance, the subject could operate the stretcher efficiently. To enhance the stretcher’s operability, we considered focusing on controlling the straight motion performance of the mechanical body, which includes two independently motor-driven wheels and casters.

Medical Chemistry and Its Influence on the Results of Treatment of Patients with Acute Bleeding from the Lower Compartments of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Volodymyr Sulyma — 2024-09-21

Emergency care for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, despite the substantial progress in drug therapy and development of endoscopic and angiographic methods of hemostasis, remains a very important issue of modern medicine. Acute bleeding from the large intestine causes up to 12-15% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. In the general population it occurs in 0.03% of individuals. There is fibrinolysis inhibitor that had been widely used for last decade. It is Tranexamic acid. Administration of Tranexamic acid is included in national guidelines and a number of international clinical protocols that describes providing medical care to patients with bleeding. To assess efficiency of treatment strategy, that includes administration of Tranexamic acid in patients with bleeding from large intestine. Primary outcomes are number of rebleeding and surgeon interventions. There were 546 inpatients, that underwent treatment in proctology department of 6th Dnipro City Hospital from 2016 to 2023. Patients were between the ages of 35-89. The number of patients under the age of 44 was 34 (6%), 45-59 – 92 patients (17%), 60-74 – 224 patients (41%), over 75 – 196 patients (36%). Gender ratio is 234 males (42,8%) and 312 females (57,2%). After examination of patients, following diseases were determined as causes of bleeding from large intestine: Crohn’s disease – 5,3 %; ulcerative colitis – 12,7 %; colonic diverticulitis – 36,5 %; colorectal cancer – 20,1 %; colonic polips - 1,3 %; hemorrhoids – 24,1%. Strategy including Tranexamic acid permitted to decrease amount of rebleeding and surgical interventions, performed due to failed hemostasis, from 25,6% to 12,9%. Total mortality decreased from 11,5% to 6,4%. Indications for surgical interventions in case of bleeding from the large intestine are failed medication and endoscopic hemostasis, as well as rebleeding. Rebleeding occurs more often in those who is suffered from diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon and colonic villous adenomas.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications: Review

Yasmeen Junejo — 2024-09-21

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad range of applications. This study explores various methods of synthesizing AgNPs, including chemical reduction, green synthesis using plant extracts, and physical methods such as laser ablation. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm their size, shape, and crystalline structure. AgNPs exhibit remarkable antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them valuable in medical applications such as wound dressings, coatings for medical devices, and drug delivery systems. Additionally, their catalytic activity and optical properties enable their use in environmental remediation, water treatment, and sensor development. This study highlights the synthesis processes, characterization, and potential applications of AgNPs, emphasizing their role in advancing nanotechnology and contributing to various fields, including medicine, environmental science, and material science.

Damage and Morphometric Effects of Prohibited Substance Use as Doping on Tissues and Organs

Mehmet Ozdemir — 2024-09-21

Uncontrolled acute or chronic use of very high doses by athletes to enhance athletic performance, improve muscle strength and physical appearance (Pope et al, 2017; Gök et al 2016) Erythropoietin, methenolone Enanthate (rhEPO), Testosterone propionate, Testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate, Testosterone decanoate (Özdemir & Yalçın, 2011; Bozkurt et al., 2011a-b; Özdemir, 2020), which are among the most common AAS used for doping purposes, can cause irreparable serious organ damage (Al-Otaibi, 2024). Prohibited substances are also widely used as pharmacological drug therapy in patients with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life by achieving the appropriate effects on the body (Handelsman, 2006). Despite their use in clinical treatments, banned substances have also been found to have some negative effects on patients and the health of external users (Mutalip et al 2013). Testosterone is used in drug therapy for chronic respiratory or heart failure, anemia due to bone marrow failure, increasing or decreasing erythropoietin in renal failure, and for muscle and bone healing in autoimmune diseases. The abuse of these substances is often used illegally in large doses for non-medical purposes, especially in strength sports and bodybuilding. In parallel with effective findings that reduce the abuse of banned substances in elite sports, there is a need to focus more attention on non-sporting cosmetic, recreational, exertional and occupational abuse (Handelsman, 2006). Athletes use banned substances to improve performance regardless of health risks (El-Gendy, et al., 2021). In studies conducted in various countries, the lifetime prevalence of banned substances used for exertion, physical appearance and performance enhancement in young men is reported at rates ranging from 3-12% (Gök et al., 2016). The use of banned substances has continued to increase in recent years and there is a need for more research on this subject. In this study, it is aimed to inform the society and especially the sports community about the damage caused by banned substances used as doping on tissues and organs